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History

Mysuru, the cultural capital of Karnataka, flourished under the Wadiyar dynasty from 1399 to 1950 (with interruptions), transforming from a small town into a grand princely state capital. The Wadiyars patronized art, architecture, and festivals, most notably Mysuru Dasara, and left a legacy of magnificent palaces, temples, and gardens. Their rule shaped Mysuru's identity as a center of silk, sandalwood, and royal heritage, and their administrative innovations influenced modern Karnataka.

Overview

Mysuru, located in southern Karnataka, is synonymous with the Wadiyar dynasty, which ruled the Kingdom of Mysore for over five centuries. The dynasty's patronage of culture and architecture created a city of grandeur, exemplified by the Mysore Palace. The city's history is marked by periods of independence, subjugation under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, and a celebrated return to power under British paramountcy. Today, Mysuru is a major pilgrimage and tourist destination, renowned for its palaces, temples, and the spectacular Dasara festival.

Historical Timeline

1399

Yaduraya Wadiyar establishes the Wadiyar dynasty in Mysuru.

This marks the beginning of the Wadiyar rule that would last for over 500 years, shaping Mysuru's identity.

1610

Raja Wadiyar captures Srirangapatna and makes it the capital.

This move elevated Mysore from a small principality to a regional power, setting the stage for expansion.

1799

The British defeat Tipu Sultan and restore the Wadiyars to the throne.

The restoration under the British marked the beginning of a new era of indirect rule and eventual modernization.

1831

The British take direct control of Mysore due to alleged misrule.

This 50-year period of British administration brought changes in governance but also resentment, leading to the demand for restoration.

1881

The Rendition of Mysore: Chamarajendra Wadiyar X is installed as ruler.

The return of power to the Wadiyars under the British was a landmark event, symbolizing a degree of autonomy and the beginning of progressive rule.

1897

The old wooden Mysore Palace is destroyed by fire.

This led to the construction of the current grand palace, completed in 1912, which became the iconic symbol of Mysuru.

Historical Sites

Mysore Palace (Amba Vilas Palace)

The official residence of the Wadiyar dynasty, rebuilt in Indo-Saracenic style between 1897 and 1912. It is one of India's most visited monuments, illuminated with about 97,000 light bulbs on Sundays and festivals.

Chamundi Hills

A hill about 13 km from the city center, topped by the Chamundeshwari Temple dedicated to the Wadiyars' tutelary deity. The hill also features a large Nandi statue and a Mahishasura statue.

St. Philomena's Cathedral

A Neo-Gothic church built in the 1930s, among the tallest churches in Asia at the time of construction. It reflects the religious diversity of Mysuru.

Brindavan Gardens

Terraced ornamental gardens laid out below the Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam, known for musical fountain shows. They were developed under the Wadiyars' patronage.

Notable Figures

Raja Wadiyar

Ruled from 1578 to 1617; captured Srirangapatna in 1610 and shifted the capital, laying the foundation for Mysore's expansion.

Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV

Ruled from 1902 to 1940; considered a philosopher-king, he brought about significant educational, industrial, and social reforms, leading to Mysuru's golden age.

Tipu Sultan

Though not a Wadiyar, he ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799 after usurping power from the Wadiyars. His resistance against the British is legendary, and his defeat led to the Wadiyars' restoration.

Maharani Kempananjammanni Devi

Regent of Mysore from 1894 to 1902; she oversaw the beginning of the reconstruction of the Mysore Palace after the fire, ensuring its grandeur.