Things to Do in Varanasi

As dusk falls, Dashashwamedh Ghat transforms into a spectacle of fire, sound, and devotion. The Ganga Aarti, performed nightly by a group of young priests, involves synchronized rituals with large brass lamps, incense, and conch shells, all set against the shimmering Ganges. Arrive by 5:30 PM to secure a spot on the steps or hire a boat (₹100–₹200 per person) for a unique view from the water. The ceremony lasts about 45 minutes, culminating in a cascade of marigold petals and the chanting of mantras. The sheer energy of the crowd—pilgrims, sadhus, and tourists—creates an electric atmosphere. The aarti is free to watch, but donations are welcome. For a more intimate experience, attend the smaller aarti at Assi Ghat at 6:00 AM. This daily ritual is a profound introduction to Varanasi's spiritual heartbeat.

The Kashi Vishwanath Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Shiva, is the spiritual core of Varanasi. The current structure was built in 1780 by Maratha queen Ahilyabai Holkar, and its gold-plated spire was donated by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839. In 2021, the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor opened, creating a direct, beautifully landscaped pathway from the ghats to the temple, making access easier than ever. Expect strict security checks; leave your phone and bags at the free cloakroom. Entry is free, but a special 'Sugam Darshan' pass (₹200–₹500) allows faster queue access. Inside, the sanctum houses the sacred Shiva linga, and the atmosphere is thick with incense and chants. The temple is open from 4:00 AM to 11:00 PM, with the Mangala Aarti at 3:00 AM (tickets ₹500–₹1000) being a highlight for early risers. The corridor also offers panoramic views of the Ganges.

One of the most iconic experiences in Varanasi is a dawn boat ride along the Ganges. As the sun rises, the ghats come alive with bathers, priests performing rituals, and yogis meditating. You'll drift past the majestic Dashashwamedh Ghat, the imposing Manikarnika Ghat (the main cremation ghat), and the serene Assi Ghat. Boatmen negotiate prices; expect to pay ₹150–₹300 per person for a 1–2 hour ride, or charter a private boat for ₹500–₹1000. The ride offers a unique perspective on the city's daily life and death rituals. Your boatman will often share stories and point out landmarks. The soft glow of morning light on the ancient buildings and the gentle lapping of water create a meditative atmosphere. This is also the best time to see the ghats without the intense crowds of midday. Don't forget your camera—the photo opportunities are endless.

Just 10 kilometers from Varanasi lies Sarnath, one of Buddhism's most sacred sites. Here, in 528 BCE, the Buddha delivered his first sermon, setting in motion the wheel of Dharma. The main attractions are the Dhamek Stupa, a massive cylindrical structure dating to 500 CE, and the Ashoka Pillar, whose Lion Capital is now the national emblem of India. The on-site Archaeological Museum (entry ₹5 for Indians, ₹100 for foreigners) houses exquisite sculptures, including the famous Lion Capital and a serene image of the Buddha. The complex is open from sunrise to sunset, and entry to the site is free. A peaceful park surrounds the ruins, perfect for quiet reflection. Combine your visit with the nearby Mulagandha Kuti Vihara, a modern temple with beautiful murals depicting the Buddha's life. Allow at least half a day to fully absorb the historical and spiritual significance of this place.

The narrow, winding lanes of Varanasi's old city are a labyrinth of color, noise, and aroma. Here, you'll find shops selling everything from brass idols to sweets. But the crown jewel is Banarasi silk—famous for its intricate zari (gold thread) work and luxurious feel. Visit the Vishwanath Gali or Thatheri Bazaar to see weavers at work and purchase sarees, dupattas, or scarves. Prices range from ₹1,000 for a simple silk dupatta to ₹50,000 or more for a heavy bridal saree. Be prepared to bargain, but also be wary of overpriced items; ask for a certificate of authenticity if buying high-value silk. Along the way, stop at a local sweet shop for 'malaiyo' (a frothy milk delicacy) or 'kulfi' (Indian ice cream). The lanes are also dotted with tiny shrines and ancient temples, offering unexpected moments of serenity. Wear comfortable shoes, as the alleys are uneven and often crowded with cows and motorcycles.

Varanasi is the cradle of the Banaras gharana, a prominent school of Hindustani classical music. The city has produced legendary musicians like Ravi Shankar and Bismillah Khan. To experience this living tradition, check for performances at Banaras Hindu University's Faculty of Performing Arts, or at venues like the International Music Centre (IMC) at Assi Ghat. Many guesthouses and cultural centers also host intimate evening concerts, especially during the winter months (November–February). Ticket prices vary from free (at some temple festivals) to ₹500–₹1,000 for professional concerts. You might hear the soulful strains of the sitar, tabla, or shehnai, often accompanied by vocalists. The acoustics of the old havelis (mansions) add to the magic. For a truly unique experience, attend the Sankat Mochan Temple's annual music festival (April) or the Dhrupad Mela (February). Even if you're not a connoisseur, the emotive power of the music transcends language.

Manikarnika Ghat is the most sacred cremation ground in Varanasi, where Hindus believe that being cremated grants moksha. Watching the rituals here is a profound and humbling experience, offering insight into the cyclical nature of life and death. You can observe from a respectful distance or from a boat on the river. There is no entry fee, but a guide (₹200–₹500) can explain the symbolism and history. Photography is strictly prohibited. The ghat operates 24/7, with funeral pyres burning continuously. You'll see bodies wrapped in cloth, carried on bamboo stretchers, and immersed in the Ganges before being placed on the pyres. The atmosphere is not morbid but rather matter-of-fact, with mourners chanting and priests performing rites. It's essential to maintain decorum and avoid interfering. For many visitors, this is the most memorable and thought-provoking experience in Varanasi.

Founded in 1916 by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is one of Asia's largest residential universities, spanning over 1,300 acres. The campus is a green oasis away from the city's chaos. The highlight is the New Vishwanath Temple, a modern replica of the original Kashi Vishwanath, but open to all castes and creeds. Its white marble structure and intricate carvings are stunning, and the peaceful atmosphere is a welcome contrast to the crowded city temples. Entry to the temple is free, but you must remove your shoes and cover your head (scarves are available). Also visit the Bharat Kala Kendra museum (₹10 for Indians, ₹50 for foreigners) to see a collection of miniature paintings, sculptures, and textiles. The campus is best explored by cycle-rickshaw (₹50–₹100) or on foot. Try to visit during the annual cultural festival in February, when the campus buzzes with performances and competitions.